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Simon Fernandez
Simon Fernandes (; c.1538–c.1590) was a 16th-century Portuguese-born navigator and sometime pirate who piloted the 1585 and 1587 English expeditions to found colonies on Roanoke island, part of modern-day North Carolina but then known as Virginia. Fernandes trained as a navigator in Spain at the famed Casa de Contratación in Seville, but later took up arms against the Spanish empire, preying upon Spanish shipping along with fellow pirate John Callis. Charged with piracy in 1577, he was saved from the hangman's noose by Sir Francis Walsingham, becoming a Protestant and a subject of the Queen of England. In 1578 Fernandes entered the service of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and later Sir Walter Raleigh, piloting the failed 1587 expedition to Roanoke, known to history as the "Lost Colony".
Fernandes disappears from the records after 1590, when he sailed with an English fleet to the Azores, a journey from which he most likely did not return alive. However, a copy of one of his charts of the East coast of North America still survives in the Cotton Collection, and was probably one of the chief sources used by John Dee for his 1580 map justifying English claims to North America.
==Early life==
Fernandes was born Simão Fernandes in c.1538 in Terceira in the Portuguese colony of the Azores.〔He received his navigational training in Spain, at the renowned Casa de Contratación pilot training school in Seville,〔(Miller, p. 64 ) Retrieved April 2011〕 and made at least one journey across the Atlantic in the service of the Spanish Crown.〔(Stick, p. 27 ) Retrieved April 2011〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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